Pilocarpine
Risk Factor: CM
Class: AUTONOMICS
/ Parasympathomimetics (Cholinergics)
Contents of this page:
Fetal Risk Summary
Breast Feeding Summary
References
Questions and Answers
Fetal Risk Summary
Pilocarpine is used topically in the eye for glaucoma or as oral tablets in the treatment of dry mouth. In reproduction studies in rats at a dose about 26 times the maximum human oral dose based on body surface area (MRHD), adverse effects consisting of a decrease in fetal weight and an increase in the incidence of skeletal variations were observed (1). These effects may have been secondary to maternal toxicity (1). In another study with rats, doses approximately 10 times the MRHD during gestation and lactation were associated with an increased incidence of stillbirths, whereas doses 5 or more times the MRHD were associated with decreased neonatal survival and reduced pup body weights (1).
A single report of the topical use during pregnancy has been located. A woman with glaucoma was treated throughout gestation with topical pilocarpine, two drops twice daily, timolol, two drops each eye, and oral acetazolamide (2). Within 48 hours of delivery at 36 weeks' gestation, the infant presented with hyperbilirubinemia, hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia, and metabolic acidosis. The toxic effects, attributed to the carbonic anhydrase inhibitor acetazolamide (see Acetazolamide), resolved quickly on treatment. Mild hypertonicity requiring physiotherapy was observed at examinations at 1, 3, and 8 months of age.
Breast Feeding Summary
No reports describing the use of pilocarpine during lactation have been located. Because of the relatively low molecular weight (about 245 for the hydrochloride salt), excretion into breast milk should be expected.
References
- Product information. Salagen. MGI Pharma, 2000.
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Merlob P, Litwin A, Mor N. Possible association between acetazolamide administration during pregnancy and metabolic disorders in the newborn. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 1990;35:858.
Questions and Answers
Which motorneurons are susceptible to status epilepticus in the pilocarpine-treated mouse?,
tis like the subway
put some liver in ur mouth
In the middle of rush hour
whore some year old mayonnaise
meets yesterdays tuna
It’s end of line.!!!!!!!!
What are the effects of acetylcholine, atropine, epinephrine, and pilocarpine on heart rate?, in terms of neurotransmitters and reactive (receptor) sites.
acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter: works on ganglion and muscarinic receptors and nicotinic receptors which binds to these receptors causing increasing parasympathetic tone thus decreasing HR
Atropine is a cholinergic antagonist which blocks the acetylcholine receptor causing increased sympathetic tone increasing the heart rate
Epinephrine is an adrenergic agonist which binds to adrenergic receptors such as B1 and B2, or Alpha 1...these increase the HR
Pilocarpine is a direct acting cholinergic agonist which decreases heart rate by directly acting on the receptor..this acts the same as acetylcholine.
what type of antagonism is shown in phenylephrine vs pilocarpine?,
nope.Pilocarpine, is a vegetal derivated alkaloid, that constricts the pupils, relaxing the radiated (dilating) fibers of the muscle in the iris,,,,,
Phenilephrine, will dilate the pupil due to its "alpha action" that is similar to noradrenaline, causing the radiated muscle of the iris, to contract, and anlarge the pupil.+
The antagonist of pilocarpine, is ATROPINE drops 1%
Phenilephrino WILL NOT antagonize the action of pilocarpine. since they work on different receptors (atropine antagonizes or blocks muscarinic receptors, meanwhile phenilephrine, dilates the pupils by stimulation of the alpha or adrenergic receptors...but cant be antagonized by pilocarpine and viceversa....only atropine or homatropine can do that).... as you see, they all use different receptors and ways....
What medications/drugs contain the chemicals Phentolamine , tolazoline, pilocarpine, physostigmine, or Acetazo, What medications/drugs contain the chemicals Phentolamine , tolazoline, pilocarpine, physostigmine, or Acetazolamide?
those are all glaucoma medications
benzalkonium chloride in pilocarpine?, Why is benzalkonium chloride used as a preservative in pilocarpine hydrochloride, as opposed to other preservatives?
I would hazard a few good guesses:
1. inexpensive
2. good safety and efficacy profile
3. few adverse reactions
4. it's a detergent, which may help other ingredients stay in solution/suspension
5. pKa is closest to that of natural tears/saliva
6. broad spectrum of activity
why is phenylephrine used for dilation over physostigmine or pilocarpine?,
Both physostigmine and philocarpine are parasympathomimetics (mimic the parasympathetic nervous system). This can lead to bradycardias (slow heart rates) and excessive lacramentation (tearing of the eyes). Phenylephrine is an alpha agonist (alpha receptors of the sympathetic nervous system) and causes local vasoconstriction and mydriasis (dilation of the pupil). Phenylephrine is also a common nasal decongestant. There are better medications for mydriasis than any of the above.
What sort of a settlement should you ask for when the pharmacy blinds you for 2 weeks with the wrong drug?, My doctor gave me a prescription for pilocarpine which had to be filled at a specialty pharmacy that does titrations.Though the prescription was typed, the pharmacist got the drug mixed up with atropine sulfate (a pupil dialating drug which also paralyzes the muscles that help the eye to focus). Also, the instructions on the bottle were for the pilocarpine, so I ended up getting a dosage that was 50 times the usual dosage for atropine. While nothing terrible happened, the dialation ruined my near vision and forced me to wear dark sunglasses indoors for about two weeks. I was still able to go to work (I am a grad student) but I did so with a huge glare-induced migrane and had to find rides since I was unable to drive. Now the pharmacy's insurance company has been calling me asking about a settlement and I have no idea what to say. The damage was not permanent so suing seems mean. On the other hand, I was in pain for 2 weeks so I should ask for something. Any idea what would be fair?
Speak to a lawyer, NOW!
DO NOT try to take care of this on your own. Yes...you are entitiled to some type of renumeration. What if it had been filled with something that DID blind you! What if they are filling other scripts wrong, not just yours? An investigation of the pharmacy also seems in order. Just because you escaped unscathed as far as the rest of your life goes....(but, you never know what may happen down the line...it could have done damage you are not aware of that will rear it's ugly head later in life)...they still made a blunder that could have cost you your sight....or your life.
It's not mean....and your lawyer most likely can settle with them without going to court.
I was in a bad auto accident some years ago. We got a small but fair (at the time) settlement without going to court (other drivers fault...)...however, now, 15 years later, my teeth are experiencing problems (my mouth hit the steering wheel) due to that accident (cracks under the fillings I had at the time are causing my teeth to break away in the back)...and I wish now, I had done more at the time.
Cover YOURSELF...do all you can to make sure this doesn't happen to someone else...I understand you not wanting to be be mean and all that....BUT...you have to look out for YOUR best interests right now...cause no one else is going to do it FOR you....
Pilocarpine is a parasympathomimetic drug, while atropine is a parasympatholytic drug. please explain that.?,
Pilocarpine is used in glaucoma which decreases the intraocular pressure behind the eye. it is labeled a parasympathomimetic because it mimics the parasympathetic system
Atropine is parasympatholytic which means it blocks the effects of the parasympethetic system (lytic means it inhibits the PNS)
CAN I TAKE hydroxychloroquine IN PLACE OF PILOCARPINE HYDROCHLORIDE?, i have dry mouth and dry eye problem since two years? I searched tablet PILOCARPINE HYDROCHLORIDE in india but no any company makes this drugs tablet in india. but hydroxychloroquine DRUGS TABLET IS MADE IN INDIA AND i CAN GET THAT EASLIY BUT BEFORE TAKING THIS DRUG I WANT TO ASK EXPERTS IN YAHOO ANSWER. AFTER GATING ANSWER I WILL ALSO MEET FIGICIAN
Hydroxychloroquinoline is used for malaria and some other unlabeled uses like rheumatoid arthritis and lupus. Also, one of its side effects may be retinopathy (it may damage your retina). So, don't use it.
Which company makes PILOCARPINE HYDROCHLORIDE tablet in India? And what is tablet name?, Online dentist for dry mouth problem has suggested me. In other country this tablet sold on salagen name but what is name in India that I don’t know. I asked this question before but I did not get tablet name in india.
Umm, you're using glaucoma medicine to help a dry mouth?
