MOXIFLOXACIN
Drugs in Pregnancy and Lactation.
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Name: MOXIFLOXACIN
Class: Anti-infective (Quinolone)
Risk Factor: CM
Fetal Risk Summary
Moxifloxacin is an oral synthetic, broad-spectrum, fluoroquinolone anti-infective agent. It is in the same anti-infective class as ciprofloxacin, enoxacin, gatifloxacin, lomefloxacin, levofloxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, sparfloxacin, and trovafloxacin.
In reproduction studies with pregnant rats, doses up to 0.24 times the maximum recommended human dose based on systemic exposure determined by area under the plasma concentration curve (MRHD) were not teratogenic (1). At this dose, fetal toxicity was observed, as indicated by decreased fetal body weight and slightly delayed fetal skeletal development. Moreover, in a pre- and postnatal development study, the highest dose (0.24 times the MRHD) was associated with increases in pregnancy duration and prenatal loss, reduced pup birth weight, decreased neonatal survival, and treatment-related maternal death during gestation. In pregnant rabbits given an IV dose during organogenesis that was approximately equal to the MRHD (a maternal toxic dose), decreased fetal body weights and delayed fetal skeletal ossification were observed. In addition, there was an increased fetal and litter incidence of rib and vertebral malformations when these effects were combined. No evidence of teratogenicity was seen when cynomolgus monkeys were given oral doses up to 2.5 times the MRHD, but fetal growth retardation did occur at the highest dose.
It is not known if moxifloxacin crosses the human placenta. The molecular weight (about 438 for the hydrochloride salt) is low enough that transfer to the fetus should be expected.
No reports describing the use of moxifloxacin during human pregnancy have been located. Animal toxicity was observed at doses at or less than the maximum human exposure, but these doses also resulted in maternal toxicity. Some reviewers, however, have concluded that all fluoroquinolones should be considered contraindicated in pregnancy (e.g., see Ciprofloxacin and Norfloxacin), because safer alternatives are usually available.
Breast Feeding Summary
No reports describing the use of moxifloxacin in human lactation have been located. The molecular weight (about 438 for the hydrochloride salt) suggests that the agent will be excreted into breast milk. Moxifloxacin is excreted in the milk of lactating rats (1). The effects of this exposure on a nursing infant are unknown. Because of the potential for serious adverse effects, women taking gatifloxacin should probably not breast feed.
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Index
Q&A about Moxifloxacin
My sisiter was prescribed this by a clinic and she forgot to tell them she can not take pennicillian is Avelox a type of pennicillian?
Most commonly it is prescribed for pneumonias as well as urinary tract infections or some gastrointestinal infections.
The only real advantage (in my experience, anyway) to using moxifloxacin versus ciprofloxacin or levofloxacin would be that it is dosed the same for everyone (400mg once a day) whether intravenously or orally. Ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin dosages must adjusted for people with kidney dysfunction or the elderly.
Generally moxifloxacin costs more than levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin, and has weaker coverage against certain bacteria. Also there is more experience in general with using the other two medications, so doctors pretty much know every possible side-effect that the other two can cause.
I went in for major pain in the middle of my chest. It is worse then heartburn. It goes straight through to my back. She (dr) came back in room and started talking and told me to take these over weekend if I can not get to the Dr. But she never told me why to take them. It may also have something to do with my gall bladder. But I don't know.
This antibiotic only treats bacterial infections. It will not work for viral infections (e.g., common cold, flu). Unnecessary use or overuse of any antibiotic can lead to its decreased effectiveness.