LINDANE
Drugs in Pregnancy and Lactation.
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Name: LINDANE
Class: Scabicide/Pediculicide
Risk Factor: BM
Fetal Risk Summary
Lindane (g-benzene hexachloride) is used topically for the treatment of lice and scabies. Small amounts are absorbed through the intact skin and mucous membranes (1).
No published reports linking the use of this drug with toxic or congenital defects have been located, but one Reference suggested that it should be used with caution because of its potential to produce neurotoxicity, convulsions, and aplastic anemia (2). Animal studies have not shown a teratogenic effect (3,4) and in one, lindane seemed to have a protective effect when given with known teratogens (5). Multigeneration reproduction studies in mice, rats, rabbits, pigs, and dogs at oral doses up to 10 times the human dose have revealed no evidence of impaired fertility or fetal harm (6).
In a surveillance study of Michigan Medicaid recipients involving 229,101 completed pregnancies conducted between 1985 and 1992, 1,417 newborns had been exposed to topical lindane during the 1st trimester (F. Rosa, personal communication, FDA, 1993). A total of 64 (4.5%) major birth defects were observed (60 expected). Specific data were available for six defect categories, including (observed/expected) 17/14 cardiovascular defects, 4/2 oral clefts, 0/0.7 spina bifida, 1/4 polydactyly, 2/2 limb reduction defects, and 7/3 hypospadias. Only with the latter defect is there a suggestion of a possible association, but other factors, including concurrent drug use and chance, may be involved.
If maternal treatment is required, the manufacturers recommend using lindane no more than twice during a pregnancy (6,7). However, because of lindane's potentially serious toxicity, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends, in pregnant women, permethrin or pyrethrins with piperonyl butoxide for the treatment of lice infestations and permethrin for the treatment of scabies (see Permethrin and Pyrethrins with Piperonyl Butoxide) (8).
Breast Feeding Summary
The presence of lindane in breast milk after ingestion of the agent from treated foods has been reported (6). Concentrations in milk ranged from 0 to 113 ppb.
No reports describing the use of lindane in lactating women have been located. Based on theoretical considerations, a manufacturer estimated the upper limit of lindane levels in breast milk to be approximately 30 ng/mL after maternal application (E.D. Rickard, personal communication, Reed & Carnrick Pharmaceuticals, 1983). A nursing infant taking 1000 mL of milk/day would thus ingest about 30 ΅g/day of lindane. This is in the same general range that the infant would absorb after direct topical application (E.D. Rickard, personal communication, 1983). These amounts are probably clinically insignificant. Waiting 4 days after discontinuing lindane lotion, however, should prevent exposure of a nursing infant to any drug in the milk (6).
References
- American Hospital Formulary Service. Drug Information 1997. Bethesda, MD:American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, 1997:27113.
- Sanmiguel GS, Ferrer AP, Alberich MT, Genaoui BM. Considerociones sobre el tratamiento de la infancia y en el embarazo. Actas Dermosifilogr 1980;71:1058.
- Palmer AK, Cozens DD, Spicer EJF, Worden AN. Effects of lindane upon reproduction function in a 3-generation study of rats. Toxicology 1978;10:4554.
- Palmer AK, Bottomley AM, Worden AN, Frohberg H, Bauer A. Effect of lindane on pregnancy in the rabbit and rat. Toxicology 1978;10:23947.
- Shtenberg AI, Torchinski I. Adaptation to the action of several teratogens as a consequence of preliminary administration of pesticides to females. Biull Eksp Biol Med 1977;83:2278.
- Product information. Lindane Lotion USP 1%. Alpharma, 2001.
- Product information. Kwell. Reed & Carnrick Pharmaceuticals, 1990.
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 1998 guidelines for treatment of sexually transmitted diseases. MMWR 1998;47(RR-1):1068.
Q&A about Lindane
I am working on one of my coursework which is called contaminated land and its remediation. My cantaminated substance is Isopropalin lindane, but I can not find its CAS number.i would be grateful of any body could help me!!!!1
Lindane - 58-89-9
isopropalin - 33820-53-0
The lindane treatment has been the last resort after months of every treatment you can think of!! Now her hair is so matted and course that I cannot even get a comb or brush through it. I don't want to risk neutralizing the residual effects of the lindane shampoo though. Any help would be greatly appreciated.
Dr. prescribed Lindane which is poison. I don't want to use any more poison on my 6 year old. I've looked on-line at alternatives. Do the oil and enzyme treatments work? I have killed the few hatched bugs, but the nits are incredibly difficult to get out of the hair and the poison doesn't penetrate the casing and kill them. There has to be a better solution. Supposedly the enzymes attack the nit (egg) glue and they wash right out. Makes sense to me if I get rid of the nits, then no more can hatch. HELP!
Seizure
or
Increase Liver Function test?
please give the rationale I'll give stars!!!
-ADVERSE EFFECTS: Among the most serious side effects are nerve damage and anemia. Irritation of eyes, skin, and mucous tissues may occur.
etiology of seizures may be idiopathic or symptomatic. Identified causes include pathologic processes in the brain (e.g., vascular anomalies or lesions, space-occupying lesions, trauma, acute cerebral edema, infection, degeneration, and neuronal injury); endogenous or exogenous toxic substances (e.g., uremia, lead ingestion, alcohol intoxication, or phenothiazides); metabolic disturbances; febrile states; developmental abnormalities; or birth defects. Seizures affect about 2% of the U.S. population, and 25% of those have chronically recurring seizures (epilepsy).
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Excerpted from Mosby's Medical Encyclopedia
i m not sure about it but it may be a cause as lindane is causing nervous tissue damage!
About 2 years ago I got scabies from a client in my hair salon( I am a hairdresser) and it was aweful.. So I went to my doctor and he gave me Lindane Lotion. I used it and the scabies went away asap. Ok so a few weeks later I noticed I was not feeling well. I was fatigued all the time and my arm and the side of my face were having episodes of going numb.I never linked this to the Lindane lotion until no other answer could be given for my problems. Doctors found nothing wrong with me. I felt terminally ill everyday. The numbness was horrible and still is. Just theother day I asked myself what the hell is this numbness coming from, and then it dawned on me. I had used Lindane lotion and I remember hearing how toxic it was. The main side effect is nerve damage and if anyone uses the shampoo you can get brain damage. I only used the cream. So I am wondering if anyone is having similar side effect like I am after using Lindane lotion?
To experience nerve damage from Lindane Lotion or Lindane Shampoo, you would have to have very frequent long term exposure from use, It would take a very large amount used over an extended period of time.
You were prescribed a minimal amount to treat one outbreak of scabies. This course of treatment is in no way toxic enough to have caused permanent nerve damage and to have any effect on your body 2 years later.
You can rule out the lotion.
There are many toxic chemicals in products used in the various hair processes. Something here would be the likely source if this is in fact caused by a poison or toxin.
I would suggest a visit to a neurologist to be tested for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome and rule it out before searching for an environmental factor for your nerve problems..
It was used to treat scabies
My mom had to use this medication on her hair yesterday. She was not cautious in using it and it is believed that some of the medication had dripped slightly into her mouth or soaked through some of the skin. This morning my mom woke up, and was up all night feeling sick, had a bad stomach ache, and threw up once. She said it does not feel like flu symptoms, but she feels very sick.
Does anyone know anything about the medication Lindane and if it has affected anyone you know, or how dangerous it could be. I have heard things about seizures and people having issues with the medication but I do not think in my mom's case it is that serious.
Lindane is a pharmaceutical product for treating scabies and headlice. It is an insecticide, so be careful in getting it into your actual body. It's for external use only. Be VERY careful with this treatment, because it is known to cause seizures and sometimes death after using it for prolonged periods of time.
If your mom has gotten it into her mouth and swollowed it, I strongly recommend a medical checkup, because it clearly states on the warnings that it must NOT be taken by mouth, and must not be left in the hair for more than 12 hours.
Take care of your mom, and I hope everything settles down for her. Give her my kind regards. (From a Trainee Registered Nurse from Australia)
How much does it cost if I take them to the vet? And how much without going to the vet (perhaps some remedies are over-the-counter or off-the-shelf?).
How much for:
1.5mg ivermectin
30mg Advantage
liquid griseofulvin (150mg active ingredient?)
tablet griseofulvin (150mg active ingredient?)
povidone-iodine shampoo
elimite cream
lindane shampoo
selenium sulphide shampoo
itraconazole shampoo
ketoconazole shampoo (e.g. Nizoral)
Revolution (selamectin)
Which of the above list needs a prescription (and by vet or human physician)? What country is your pricing valid for? Where & how can I get the drug(s)/product(s)?