OXYCODONE
Drugs in Pregnancy and Lactation.
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Name: OXYCODONE
Class: Narcotic Agonist Analgesic
Risk Factor: BM*
Fetal Risk Summary
Oxycodone is a narcotic analgesic available as a single agent or in combination with nonnarcotic analgesics, such as acetaminophen or aspirin. Reproduction studies in rats and rabbits at doses up to 4 and 60 times the human dose of 120 mg/day in a 60 kg adult (0.7 and 19 times the human dose based on mg/m2), respectively, found no evidence of fetal harm (1).
The Collaborative Perinatal Project monitored 50,282 mother-child pairs, 8 of which had 1st-trimester exposure to oxycodone (2). No evidence was found to suggest a relationship to large categories of major or minor malformations or to individual defects.
In a surveillance study of Michigan Medicaid recipients involving 229,101 completed pregnancies conducted between 1985 and 1992, 281 newborns had been exposed to oxycodone during the 1st trimester (F. Rosa, personal communication, FDA, 1993). A total of 13 (4.6%) major birth defects were observed (12 expected), including (observed/expected) 3/3 cardiovascular defects and 1/1 hypospadias. No anomalies were observed in four other defect categories (oral clefts, spina bifida, polydactyly, and limb reduction defects) for which specific data were available. These data do not support an association between the drug and congenital defects.
At a 1996 meeting, data was presented on 118 women using oxycodone (N=78) or hydrocodone (N=40) during the 1st trimester for postoperative pain, general pain, or upper respiratory infection who were matched with a similar group using codeine for these purposes (3). Six (5.1%) of the infants exposed to oxycodone or hydrocodone had malformations, an odds ratio of 2.61 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.6–11.5) (p=0.13). There was no pattern evident among the six malformations.
[*Risk Factor D if used for prolonged periods or in high doses at term.]
Breast Feeding Summary
Oxycodone is excreted into human breast milk. Six healthy postpartum women received a combination product of oxycodone and acetaminophen, one or two capsules every 4–7 hours, while breast-feeding their newborn infants (4). Maternal plasma levels were in the expected range of 14 to 35 ng/mL, and milk concentrations ranged from <5 to 226 ng/mL. Peak milk concentrations occurred 1.5–2.0 hours after the first dose, then at variable times after multiple doses. Although a large degree of variability was present, the mean milk:plasma ratio was 3.4:1. No mention was made of any effects observed in the nursing infants.
Although occasional maternal doses of oxycodone for analgesia probably present a minimal risk for adverse effects during nursing, infants should be monitored for gastrointestinal effects, sedation, and changes in feeding patterns.
References
- Product information. Oxycontin. Purdue Frederick, 1997.
- Heinonen OP, Slone D, Shapiro S. Birth Defects and Drugs in Pregnancy. Littleton, MA: Publishing Sciences Group, 1977:287.
- Schick B, Hom M, Tolosa J, Librizzi R, Donnfeld A. Preliminary analysis of first trimester exposure to oxycodone and hydrocodone (abstract). Presented at the Ninth International Conference of the Organization of Teratology Information Services, Salt Lake City, Utah, May 2–4, 1996. Reprod Toxicol 1996;10:162.
- Marx CM, Pucino F, Carlson JD, Driscoll JW, Ruddock V. Oxycodone excretion in human milk in the puerperium (abstract). Drug Intell Clin Pharm 1986;20:474.
Q&A about Oxycodone
I read that a side effect of oxycodone is confusion. "Confusion" is very vague. Can anyone elaborate or give examples?
I have severe kidney infections mixed with a 4mm kidney stone. They gave me oxycodone and i just ran out. But i do have some tylenol with codeine left over from my back injury a few months ago. Now i just want to know if i take the tylenol with codeine will it pop up something different than oxycodone on a drug test? I need some help quick i am in alot of pain. So is codeine and oxycodone the same thing?
I here a lot of people getting high or hooked on Oxycontin, but never Oxycodone. Whats the difference between them. Is one more playfull (for lack of a better word) tan the other?
Oxycontin contains oxycodone, but is 'continuous release', hence it's name.
Basically, the reason you never hear of anyone getting hooked on oxycodone is because it is quite difficult to obtain in a pure form, due to the increased potential for abuse. Generally, a NSAID such as paracetamol or aspirin is added, so an overdose would also cause severe pain due to liver damage. Examples include percocet (oxycodone and paracetamol) and percodan (oxycodone and aspirin).
Also, oxycodone is generally sold under some sort of trade name, so you wouldn't hear the word "oxycodone" used to refer to an addiction, just as someone with a Vicodan problem wouldn't say they had a "hydrocodone" addiction.
What is the difference between oxycodone immediate release and sustained-release? Does the immediate release work faster? I was prescribed oxycodone immediate release for CTS, and wanted to know if it will "work" fast.
Although it works the fastest the SR lasts longer. So if you are looking for the fastest you are taking the right one!!
I know that oxycotin/oxycodone is stronger and can more addictive than hydrocodone but what are the other differences in the two. Are they both opiates?? How are they really that different? I know that oxy is really addictive and really strong?
The main difference between Hydrocodone & Oxycontin/Oxycodone is first the strength- (Oxycontin/Oxycodone are stronger) and secondly the patented time release formula coating the the pill.
One or two caplets of Oxycontin can control your pain over a period of 12 hours vs. taking Hydrocodone which would have to be taken repeatedly during a 12 hour period.
When taking Oxycontin/Oxycodone, you are warned not to break the caplet as it will stop the time release coating from working and put yourself at a risk of overdosing.
Both drugs are classified as narcotic prescriptions and one should be very cautious to follow their MD's instructions on use as they are extremely addictive.
I think it's that OxyCodone contains acetaphetomine to "dilute" it and OxyContine is just straight up.
Am I right?
Whats the difference between oxycodone and hydrocodone? And will it show up different on a drug test?
Oxycodone is also a C2 medication...meaning people are MORE likely to abuse it than Hydrocodone which is a C3 medication....
both will show up on a drug test
I have just taken one 5 mg Oxycodone Hydrochloride for the first time about 6 hours ago, when will it be safe to nurse my newborn? How many hours dos it take to clear my system before it's safe to feed my baby?
I found a bottle of oxycodone in my girlfriends room and it wasnt perscribed to her or anyone in her family, could this effect her negetively in anyway?
I got my wisdom teeth out a week ago and am on oxycodone. I took my last dose at 9am and I want to drink alcohol tonight at 7pm tonight. Is that really dangerous?