Chloral Hydrate
Risk Factor: CM
Class: CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DRUGS
/ Sedatives and Hypnotics
Contents of this page:
Fetal Risk Summary
Breast Feeding Summary
References
Questions and Answers
Fetal Risk Summary
No reports linking the use of chloral hydrate with congenital defects have been located. The drug has been given in labor and demonstrated to be in cord blood at concentrations similar to maternal levels (1). Sedative effects on the neonate have not been studied.
The Collaborative Perinatal Project recorded 71 1st trimester exposures to chloral hydrate (2, pp. 33644). From this group, 8 infants with congenital defects were observed (standardized relative risk [SRR] 1.68). When only malformations with uniform rates by hospital were examined, the SRR was 2.19. Neither of these relative risks reached statistical significance. Moreover, when chloral hydrate was combined with all tranquilizers and nonbarbiturate sedatives, no association with congenital malformations was found (SRR 1.13; 95% CI 0.881.44). For use anytime during pregnancy, 358 exposures to chloral hydrate were discovered (2, p. 438). The 9 infants with anomalies yielded a SRR of 0.98 (95% CI 0.451.84).
Breast Feeding Summary
Chloral hydrate and its active metabolite are excreted into breast milk. Peak concentrations of about 8 mg/mL were obtained about 45 minutes after a 1.3-g rectal dose (3). Only trace amounts are detectable after 10 hours.
Mild drowsiness was observed in the nursing infant of a mother taking 1300 mg of dichloralphenazone every evening (4). The mother was also consuming chlorpromazine 100 mg three times daily. Dichloralphenazone is metabolized to trichloroethanol, the same active metabolite of chloral hydrate. Milk levels of trichloroethanol were 60%80% of the maternal serum. Infant growth and development remained normal during the exposure and at follow-up 3 months after the drug was stopped. The American Academy of Pediatrics considers the drug to be compatible with breast feeding (5).
References
- Bernstine JB, Meyer AE, Hayman HB. Maternal and fetal blood estimation following the administration of chloral hydrate during labor. J Obstet Gynecol Br Emp 1954;61:6835.
- Heinonen OP, Slone D, Shapiro S. Birth Defects and Drugs in Pregnancy. Littleton, MA:Publishing Sciences Group, 1977.
- Bernstine JB, Meyer AE, Bernstine RL. Maternal blood and breast milk estimation following the administration of chloral hydrate during the puerperium. J Obstet Gynecol Br Emp 1956;63:22831.
- Lacey JH. Dichloralphenazone and breast milk. Br Med J 1971;4:684.
-
Committee on Drugs, American Academy of Pediatrics. The transfer of drugs and other chemicals into human milk. Pediatrics 1994;93:13750.
Questions and Answers
What is Chloral Hydrate and how did it relate to Anna Nicole's death?, I saw on the news that Anna Nicole took 2 tsp of Chloral Hydrate which may have been too much and mixed with the methadone,valium and something about her being ill from meat contamination which ultimately caused her death. Help?
Chloral hydrate, also known as trichloroacetaldehyde monohydrate, 2,2,2-trichloro-1,1-ethanediol, and under the tradenames Aquachloral, Novo-Chlorhydrate, Somnos, Noctec, and Somnote, is a sedative and hypnotic drug as well as a chemical reagent and precursor. Its chemical formula is C2HCl3O · H2O.
Methadone is a synthetic opioid, used medically as an analgesic and in the treatment of narcotic addiction. It was developed in Germany in 1937, and in the USA was first brought to market by the pharmaceutical company Eli Lilly and Company.
Diazepam (IPA: [daɪˈæzəˌpæm]), marketed under brand names Valium, Stesolid, Diazemuls, Seduxen, Bosaurin, Diapam, Antenex, Ducene and Apozepam)[1] is a drug which is a benzodiazepine derivative. It possesses anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, sedative, skeletal muscle relaxant and amnestic properties. This makes it a useful drug for treating anxiety, insomnia, seizures, alcohol withdrawal, and muscle spasms. It is also used before certain medical procedures (such as endoscopies) to reduce tension and anxiety, and in some surgical procedures to induce amnesia.[2][3]
Diazepam is a core medicine in the World Health Organization's "Essential Drugs List", which is a list of minimum medical needs for a basic health care system.[4] Diazepam is used to treat a wide range of conditions and is one of the most frequently prescribed benzodiazepines.
Chloral hydrate is a sedative and sleep inducing drug. The prescribed dose for a patient is 425 mg. ?, If chloral hydrate is available as a 0.25 g/mL solution, what volume of solution should be administered?
0.25g/ml is equal to 250mg/ml. If you want 425mg, take 425 divided by 250 for answer of 1.7ml.
Chloral hydrate(C2H3Cl2O2)What is the mass of exactly 500 molecules of chloral hydrate?, Chloral hydrate(C2H3Cl2O2)
What is the mass of exactly 500 molecules of chloral hydrate?
And how many chlorine atoms are in 5.0g chloral hydrate?
I'm not sure how to do these two problems, I've came up with two different answers but both have been wrong.
Molecular weight = 129.9 g/mol
129.9 x 500 / 6.02 x 10^23 = 1.08 x 10^-19 g ( mass of 500 molecules)
5.0 / 129.9 = 0.0385 mole of C2H3Cl2O2
mole Cl = 2 x 0.0385 = 0.0770
0.0770 x 6.02 x 10^23 = 4.64 x 10^22 chlorine atoms
chloral hydrate??, i have a hera injury and i have to take this stuff to sleep and o my god i love it is great i am on it right now and am ready to fall out right now i mix it with another sleeping pill who ealse takes this and likes it??
You should not take a pill because you "like it" or mix it with other CNS Depressant drugs with out asking your physician. This drug is a Central Nervous system Depressant and too much could cause shallow breathing and possibly death. I would check back wit your Doctor on this issue.
Chloral hydrate is insoluble in water although it can form hydrogen bond with water?, A ques from class 12th text book from 'solutions' chapter.
Chloral hydrate is soluble in water, in fact, very soluble in water.
Water solubility 9.3 × 106 mg/litre at 25 °C
taken from
McEvoy GK, ed. (1999) American Hospital Formulary Service Drug Information 1999. Bethesa, MD,
American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Inc., pp. 2097–2098.
what are the physical & chemical properties of chloral hydrate?, A prief introduction about chloral hydrate
C2H3Cl3O2
Transparent, colorless crystals. HYGROSCOPIC.
Atomic weight 165.4035
melting point 57
boiling point 97.5
density 1.91 g/mL
solubility >=1 g/100 mL at 20.5 C
What mass of chloral hydrate would contain 2.2 g Cl? And how do you figure this out?, Choral Hydrate is C2H3Cl3O2 and its molar mass is 165.40g/mol
Moles Cl = 2.2 g / 35.453 g/mol= 0.062
Moles C2H3Cl3O2 = 0.062 / 3 = 0.021
Mass = 0.021 x 165.40 g/mol = 3.5 g
i need to make 100ml of chloral hydrate elixir 4%?, (elixir, chloral hydrate 4% in a suitale vehicle with balackcurrant flavour)
to be prepared using the following formula: chloral hydrae 200mg, water 0.1mL, blackcurrant syrup 1mL, syrup to 5mL. WHERE DO I START
I think you might be on the wrong track. Chloral hydrate, CCl3.CH(OH)2 is not an elixir but a powerful soporific. That is it readily induces sleep and before the cold war it was referred to as a "Micky Flynn" or "knock out drops". Once favoured by authors of politcal intrique and spy stories, however in the morally decadent world that most of us live in these days such a concotion might be used as a "date rape" mixture.
Just be careful when experimenting with your elixir.
i need to make 100ml of chloral hydrate elixir.?, prepare according to the folowing formula. chloral hydrate 200mg,water 0.1mL,blackcurrant syrup 1mL, syrup to 5mL.
(elixir, chloral hydrate 4% in a suitable vehicle with a blackcurrant flavour) where do i start? whats the formula?
sounds easier to open a bottle of Bourbon and go from there with a shot glass
Chloral hydrate(C2H3CL3O2) is a drg used as a seative and hynotic.?, a. how many moles are the in 500.0 g of chloral hydrate?
b. what is the mass in grams of 2.0 x 10^-2 mol of chloral hydrate?
c.How many molecules are in 5.0 g of chloral hydrate
d. What is the mass of 500 molecules of chloral hydrate?.
It's used as both a sedative and a hypnotic. To answer your questions you need to get the weight of your compound.
C = 12 x 2 = 24 grams
H = 1 x 3 = 3 grams
Cl = 35 x 3 = 105 grams
O = 16 x 2 = 32 grams
Added together they total 164 grams per 1 mole.
a. If there are 164 grams in 1 mole and you have 500 grams, divide this by 164 to see how many moles you have = 3.05 moles
b. 1 mole weighs 164 grams. To find the mass (grams) of 2 x 10^2 moles, multiply by 164 (weight of 1 mole) = 328 grams
c. 1 molecule of chloral hydrate weighs 164 grams. Given 5 grams, divide this by 164 to see what part of a molecule you have = .03 molecules
d. Since the mass of 1 molecule is 164 grams, multiply by 500 = 82,000 = 8.2 x 10^4 grams
