AMMONIUM CHLORIDE
Drugs in Pregnancy and Lactation.
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Name: AMMONIUM CHLORIDE
Class: Expectorant/Urinary Acidifier
Risk Factor: B
Fetal Risk Summary
The Collaborative Perinatal Project monitored 50,282 mother-child pairs, 365 of whom had 1st trimester exposure to ammonium chloride as an expectorant in cough medications (1, pp. 378–381). For use anytime during pregnancy, 3,401 exposures were recorded (1, p. 442). In neither group was evidence found to suggest a relationship to large categories of major or minor malformations. Three possible associations with individual malformations were found, but the statistical significance of these is unknown (1, pp. 478, 496). Independent confirmation is required to determine the actual risk.
Inguinal hernia (1st trimester only) (11 cases)
Cataract (6 cases)
Any benign tumor (17 cases)
When consumed in large quantities near term, ammonium chloride may cause acidosis in the mother and the fetus (2,3). In some cases, the decreased pH and pCO2, increased lactic acid, and reduced oxygen saturation were as severe as those seen with fatal apnea neonatorum. However, the newborns did not appear in distress.
Breast Feeding Summary
No data are available.
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References
- Heinonen OP, Slone D, Shapiro S. Birth Defects and Drugs in Pregnancy. Littleton, MA:Publishing Sciences Group, 1977.
- Goodlin RC, Kaiser IH. The effect of ammonium chloride induced maternal acidosis on the human fetus at term. I. pH, hemoglobin, blood gases. Am J Med Sci 1957;233:666-74.
- Kaiser IH, Goodlin RC. The effect of ammonium chloride induced maternal acidosis on the human fetus at term. II. Electrolytes. Am J Med Sci 1958;235:549-54.
Q&A about Ammonium Chloride
ammonium chloride?
when ammonium chloride dissolves in a beaker of water, the beaker becomes cold to touch. Please explain this phenomenon.
when ammonium chloride dissolves in a beaker of water, the beaker becomes cold to touch. Please explain this phenomenon.
The reaction is Endothermic.
It forms Hydrochloric acid and ammonium hydroxide by the following process :-
NH4Cl + H2O = HCl + NH4(OH)
The HCl acid produced is very dilute. The ammonium hydroxide formed is about some 5 to 7 degrees celcius.
It forms Hydrochloric acid and ammonium hydroxide by the following process :-
NH4Cl + H2O = HCl + NH4(OH)
The HCl acid produced is very dilute. The ammonium hydroxide formed is about some 5 to 7 degrees celcius.
What kind of bond does ammonium chloride have?
Is ammonium chloride and ionic bond or a covalent bond? I've heard both so far on the internet.
Is ammonium chloride and ionic bond or a covalent bond? I've heard both so far on the internet.
It is ionic. Ammonium-anything is ionic, because ammonium implies an NH4+ ion. Although it does have a "molecular" part in it - all polyatomic ions, such as NH4+, CO3-, etc. are molecular compounds that are "imbalanced" because they have too many or too few electrons - it is regarded as ionic because the main bond is between a cation, NH4+, and an anion, Cl-.
AmmoniA is the gas NH3, a completely molecular compound. When in water, the gas NH3 forms NH4+ ions by stealing an H from the water and leaving it as OH-. The technical term for NH4+ ions and OH- ions floating around in water is NH4OH (aq), or aqueous Ammonium Hydroxide, but since all you did to get there was add ammonia to water, it is usually just considered an aqueous solution of ammonia.
AmmoniA is the gas NH3, a completely molecular compound. When in water, the gas NH3 forms NH4+ ions by stealing an H from the water and leaving it as OH-. The technical term for NH4+ ions and OH- ions floating around in water is NH4OH (aq), or aqueous Ammonium Hydroxide, but since all you did to get there was add ammonia to water, it is usually just considered an aqueous solution of ammonia.
What is the word equation for ammonium chloride?
I have to find two compounds that form ammonium chloride.
I have to find two compounds that form ammonium chloride.
NH4Cl,
What do i need to determine the heat of solution of ammonium chloride?
How much water? In mL
How much ammonium chloride? In grams
Please help?
Due soon!
How much water? In mL
How much ammonium chloride? In grams
Please help?
Due soon!
the amount of water and ammonium chloride will be dictated by the volume of the calorimeter you use. The specific quantities don't really matter so much as long as you can measure them and the temperature change precisely.
For the solution q=mSdeltaT
then heat of solution = q/n where n = #mol of ammonium chloride used. You find the #mol from the mass.
For the solution q=mSdeltaT
then heat of solution = q/n where n = #mol of ammonium chloride used. You find the #mol from the mass.
What Ammonium Chloride? And why is is burning my hair when i use a shampoo that has it, as an ingredient?
I have been washing my hair with the same shampoo for the last 20yrs and these last couple of weeks for some reason when i wash my hair is been burning the heck out of my scull. I started reading the ingredients and the only thing that caught my attention was ammonium chloride. Why?
I have been washing my hair with the same shampoo for the last 20yrs and these last couple of weeks for some reason when i wash my hair is been burning the heck out of my scull. I started reading the ingredients and the only thing that caught my attention was ammonium chloride. Why?
It may have changed the pH of the shampoo and that's what's irritating your skin.
How to separate a mixture of ammonium chloride and calcium carbonate?
and how you will test that the ammonium chloride/calcium carbonate is pure?
Why you choose this method of separating(faster, more efficient, easier, cheaper, more accuate results)?
and how you will test that the ammonium chloride/calcium carbonate is pure?
Why you choose this method of separating(faster, more efficient, easier, cheaper, more accuate results)?
Calcium carbonate is virtually insoluble in water but Ammonium chloride is very soluble in water,
Therefore you can separate them by adding water to the mixture and filtering out the insoluble Calcium carbonate, leaving behind a solution of Ammonium Chloride.
You can test the purity of the ammonium chloride solution by adding an acid and seeing whether CO2 is produced.
You can test the purity of the Calcium carbonate by adding Sodium Hydroxide and seeing whether Ammonia gas is produced.
It is cheap, fast and easy.
Therefore you can separate them by adding water to the mixture and filtering out the insoluble Calcium carbonate, leaving behind a solution of Ammonium Chloride.
You can test the purity of the ammonium chloride solution by adding an acid and seeing whether CO2 is produced.
You can test the purity of the Calcium carbonate by adding Sodium Hydroxide and seeing whether Ammonia gas is produced.
It is cheap, fast and easy.
what is the reactant, product, and observation of silver nitrate and ammonium chloride?
what is the reactant, product, and observation of silver nitrate and ammonium chloride?
what is the reactant, product, and observation of calcium chloride and sodium carbonate?
what is the reactant, product, and observation of zinc and HCl?
what is the reactant, product, and observation of mercuric oxide?
what is the reactant, product, and observation of powdered sulfur and iron filings?
what is the reactant, product, and observation of silver nitrate and ammonium chloride?
what is the reactant, product, and observation of calcium chloride and sodium carbonate?
what is the reactant, product, and observation of zinc and HCl?
what is the reactant, product, and observation of mercuric oxide?
what is the reactant, product, and observation of powdered sulfur and iron filings?
I dont know about the first one but,
second= Zn+HCl=Zn chloride+H2
third has no meaning
fourth=the product is CS2
second= Zn+HCl=Zn chloride+H2
third has no meaning
fourth=the product is CS2
Which of the following will increase the solubility of ammonium chloride?
Consider the following equilibrium:
NH4Cl(s) + energy <=> NH4+(aq) + Cl-(aq)
Which of the following will increase the solubility of ammonium chloride?
a. stirring the solution
b. adding more water
c. adding more NH4Cl(s)
d. increasing the temperature
e. adding some NaCl(s)
Consider the following equilibrium:
NH4Cl(s) + energy <=> NH4+(aq) + Cl-(aq)
Which of the following will increase the solubility of ammonium chloride?
a. stirring the solution
b. adding more water
c. adding more NH4Cl(s)
d. increasing the temperature
e. adding some NaCl(s)
D.) Increasing the temperature: this will favor the forward reaction because equilibrium "wants to consume" the energy added my the temperature increase
Does ammonium chloride have an effect on litmus paper?
Does ammonium chloride have an effect on litmus paper?
Does ammonium chloride have an effect on litmus paper?
It depends on the concentration. Let's do a calculation to see.
Blue litmus paper detects substances that are in the area of pH 4.5 or so.
Assume you are using 1.0 Molar NH4Cl. It dissociates, creating NH4+ and Cl-. The Cl is a neutral anion, but NH4+ can break down into NH3 and H30+. The Ka for this dissociation is 1.8 E -5.
Kb = [NH3][H3O]/[NH4]
Let "x" be the concentration of NH3, which in the same vessel is the same as the concentration of H3O.
1.8E-5 = x^2/[1.0] ; x = 4.2E-3 Molar.
pH is by definition the negative log of the concentration of H3O+ in solution. Therefore, the pH of a 1.0 Molar (standard for the school laboratory) is around 2.4, which is significantly lower than 4.5.
Given such a wide gap, it would probably work for a lot of concentrations under 1.0 Molar, but I can tell you for sure that a 1.0 Molar solution will the paper red.
Blue litmus paper detects substances that are in the area of pH 4.5 or so.
Assume you are using 1.0 Molar NH4Cl. It dissociates, creating NH4+ and Cl-. The Cl is a neutral anion, but NH4+ can break down into NH3 and H30+. The Ka for this dissociation is 1.8 E -5.
Kb = [NH3][H3O]/[NH4]
Let "x" be the concentration of NH3, which in the same vessel is the same as the concentration of H3O.
1.8E-5 = x^2/[1.0] ; x = 4.2E-3 Molar.
pH is by definition the negative log of the concentration of H3O+ in solution. Therefore, the pH of a 1.0 Molar (standard for the school laboratory) is around 2.4, which is significantly lower than 4.5.
Given such a wide gap, it would probably work for a lot of concentrations under 1.0 Molar, but I can tell you for sure that a 1.0 Molar solution will the paper red.
What is the ph of the buffer solution formed by aqueous ammonia and ammonium chloride ?
A buffer solution is made by mixing 250 mL of 0.200 mol/Lof NH3 with 400 mL of 0.150 mol/L ammoniumn chloride . How do I calculate the pH of the buffer solution?
A buffer solution is made by mixing 250 mL of 0.200 mol/Lof NH3 with 400 mL of 0.150 mol/L ammoniumn chloride . How do I calculate the pH of the buffer solution?
Moles NH3 = 250 x 0.2 / 1000 = 0.05
Moles NH4+ = 400 x 0.150 / 1000 = 0.06
Total volume = 650 mL = 0.650 L
[ NH3 ] = 0.05 / 0.650 = 0.0769 M
[ NH4+ ] = 0.06 / 0.0769 = 0.780 M
the reaction is
NH3 + H2O <> NH4+ + OH-
initial concentration
0.0769 . . . . . . .0.780 . . . .
at eq.
0.0769-x . . . 0.780+x . . .x
K = 1.81 x 10^-5 = ( 0.780+x)(x) / 0.0769 - x
x = [ OH- ] = 0.00000116 M
pOH = 5.93
pH = 8.07
Moles NH4+ = 400 x 0.150 / 1000 = 0.06
Total volume = 650 mL = 0.650 L
[ NH3 ] = 0.05 / 0.650 = 0.0769 M
[ NH4+ ] = 0.06 / 0.0769 = 0.780 M
the reaction is
NH3 + H2O <> NH4+ + OH-
initial concentration
0.0769 . . . . . . .0.780 . . . .
at eq.
0.0769-x . . . 0.780+x . . .x
K = 1.81 x 10^-5 = ( 0.780+x)(x) / 0.0769 - x
x = [ OH- ] = 0.00000116 M
pOH = 5.93
pH = 8.07
